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the L def structure was built at NASA

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Langley Research Center and shipped to

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Kennedy Space Center in 1983 where

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experiments were mounted to it in

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preparation for launch these experiments

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and the structure itself were designed

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to better define and determine the

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effects of the low Earth orbit

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environment where man may someday live

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as he extends his exploration of the

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quantum NFL death NASA's long-duration

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exposure facility took place in April of

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1984 it would become one of NASA's most

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successful satellites the first

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spacecraft ever to take advantage of the

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space shuttles unique capability to

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deploy experiments in space for long

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exposure times and then return them

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safely to earth for laboratory analysis

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using a remote manipulator arm Terry

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Hart lifted the LD from the shuttle

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cargo bay and placed it in the proper

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position for free flight in space the L

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Deaf's initial orbit was 257 nautical

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miles above the earth and inclination at

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28 and 1/2 degrees as it orbited in free

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flight one end always pointed toward

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space the other always pointed toward

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the center of the earth for 5 and 1/2

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years l def would carry 57 experiments

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in 86 trays mounted on its exterior it

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would be the only source of data to

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measure the effects of prolonged space

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exposure on spacecraft materials and

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living organisms the retrieval of L def

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in January of 1990 marked the beginning

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of scientific investigation for the more

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than 200 researchers and scientists who

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had launched their experiments 5 and 1/2

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this time astronaut Bonnie Dunbar

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operated the manipulator arm while

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astronaut Marsha Ivins took the first

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investigative photographs 10,000

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specimens and virtually every part of

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the facility will provide information

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about what happens when things stay in

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space for long periods of time the

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facility and experiments will provide

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unprecedented data on the magnitude of

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induced radioactivity in materials

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during prolonged exposure in space the

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interstellar gas experiment will provide

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insight into the formation of the

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galaxies as captured interstellar gas

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atoms are analyzed cosmic dust

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experiments will provide insight into

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the evolution of the solar system

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through studies of the unparalleled

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quantity of captured micrometeoroid

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material radiation experiments will

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provide data on radiation intensity and

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its effects on living organisms studies

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of thousands of materials associated

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with design of spacecraft structures

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thermal control systems power systems

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optics electronic systems and propulsion

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systems will be analyzed for

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environmental effects of radiation

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vacuum extreme temperature variations

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atomic oxygen and collision with space

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materials eventually all spacecraft and

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spacecraft systems will be designed

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using materials that have been validated

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for long-duration space exposure for the

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remainder of the mission l def was

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safely tucked away in the space shuttles

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cargo bay it remained there through the

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shuttle landing at Edwards Air Force

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Base and the piggyback ride to the

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Kennedy Space Center in the orbiter

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processing facility investigators got

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their first glimpse of L dev initial

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examinations focused on the

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interrelationship of all experiments and

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the L def structure then the

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experimental trays were removed

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and distributed to investigators for

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data analysis the science experiments

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hold exciting revelations regarding the

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evolution of the Kosmos and biological

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effects on long duration space exposure

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as they relate to the presence of humans

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in space l def technology experiments

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will establish a database for use in

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designing spacecraft such as Space

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Station the most publicized experiment

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is seeds which offers a wide variety of

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opportunities for student experiments 12

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and 1/2 million seed packages were

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distributed to upper elementary through

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University level students American

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students and students of foreign

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countries have become interested in

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science and the scientific method of

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Investigation by growing and comparing

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tomato plants from control seeds which

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are kept on earth and experimental seeds

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which are housed on L def as it orbited

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the earth L Daffy and his experiments

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are just beginning to define and

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determine the effects of the lower Earth

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orbit environment as investigators

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interpret their data they grow

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confidence in the models they are using

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to accurately predict this environment

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all space vehicles that fly in low Earth

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orbit will benefit from L Dell Space

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Station freedom will be its first major

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benefactor the L dev structure designed